جدیدترین مطالب

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

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Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

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A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

LATEST CONTENT

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Top News

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Mutual Turkey-EU Feeling; Too Close, Too Far

Strategic Council Online – Europe is pursuing a kind of “tilt but don’t spill” attitude towards Turkey, based on which it is neither indifferent nor reacts harshly.
Afshin Zargar – PhD in International Relations, Faculty Member

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Ambiguity Surrounds Turkey’s Goals in 6-Country Regional Coop Platform

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University, stating that Turkey seeks to revive its soft power with the idea of regional convergence, said: Details of this plan, its common interests and threats are not clear and there is an ambiguity that basically to what extent bringing those countries together can be realistic and practical.

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Support for Moroccan Sovereignty over Western Sahara; Trump’s Reward to Moroccan Government

Strategic Council Online – Former Middle East director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stating that the conflict in Western Sahara will not end easily, noted: It seems that under the current situation an opportunity has been created for the Moroccan government to make an exchange in return for official recognition of Israel and get concessions from the Trump administration at the end of his term for taking control over Western Sahara.

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

US Attempt to Negotiate with Ansarollah a Success for the Resistance

Strategic Council Online – An expert on West Asia affairs assessed the US letter to Ansarollah and the attempt to negotiate with them as a sign of the effectiveness of the Resistance and said: One of the factors that led Mohammed bin Salman to resort to the United States for putting an end to the war in Yemen is the issue of balance of power which has now changed in favour of Ansarollah.

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

No Possibility to Renegotiate JCPOA, Extending It to Non-Nuclear Issues

Strategic Council Online – An expert on international affairs said in case the sanctions are lifted, Iran will reverse its steps in reducing its commitments towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) but is not willing to renegotiate the JCPOA with the United States.

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Trend of Global Political Economy Promises Formation of Multipolar World

Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

A Reflection on the Capacities and Challenges of the Istanbul Ministerial Meeting

SCFR Online – Opinion: The meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt in Istanbul has provided an opportunity for diplomatic coordination regarding West Asian crises, but its success will depend on the participation of key actors and the transformation of consultations into practical measures.

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

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