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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Politics

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

A Glance at Klichdaroglu’s Rivalry with Erdogan in Turkish Elections

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After long speculations and consultations among Turkish parties known as the “Table of Six,” the leader of the People’s Republic Party, Kemal Klichdaroglu, was nominated as the presidential candidate of the six opposition parties after resolving the crisis with the “Good Party.” It is expected that 60 million people will participate in Turkey’s May 14 elections. Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Implications of Saudi-UAE Tension in Yemen

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Since the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen, political, military, and security relations between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi have gone through four different stages. Based on “unity and convergence” at the beginning of the war, bilateral ties have become “rivalries” after a while. This competition led to many “disagreements,s,” With its continuation, the two countries have passed the stage of disagreement and have “tension” with each other.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Analysis of China’s Statement Regarding War in Ukraine, Beijing’s Motivations

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russian affairs says the Chinese statement lacked a specific proposal to exchange concessions between the two parties involved in the Ukraine war and open a passage for peace and only demanded to start negotiations. He added: During the Ukraine war, China, by buying cheap energy from Russia and increasing its energy reserves, has not only become an energy exporter for the first time but also gained more bargaining power against other energy exporters to China.

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Reverse Migration from Occupied Territories, Its Consequences

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: If the pillars of forming a nation-state are the four factors of population, territory, government, and sovereignty, the Zionist regime, since its establishment and according to the provisions of international law, has lacked the factors mentioned earlier.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

China’s Capacities, Challenges to Play a Role in Making Intl. Peace, Stability

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on East Asia affairs considers China as having traditional and modern components of power in the world, which enables Beijing, to enjoy the possibility of balancing. He says: The Chinese have limitations in role-playing as an actor to make international peace and stability and generally they enter the challenges from the more trivial topics. This approach is considered a challenge to boost China’s mediating role and influence.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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