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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ali Karbalaei Hosseini

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Trump Seeks Dissolution of Non-Proliferation Regime

Strategic Council Online: On February 2, 2019, the United States citing a withdrawal clause, announced that it will withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in six months. The deadline expired on August 2, and Washington by pulling out of the treaty caused its collapse.
Dr. Ali Karbalaei Hosseini – International Law Researcher

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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