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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

arms factories

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Behind-the-Scenes Decision-Makers in American Foreign Policy

Strategic Council Online – Politics and power in the United States, due to their decentralized and distributive political structure, are influenced by the presence and activity of two groups of “formal” and “informal” actors. Formal actors are influential in the “decision-making” and executive stages, and informal actors are influential in the critical “decision-making” stage. Simply put, the United States is a place for showoff and display of various informal actors who are always trying to play an effective role in the political, economic, security, etc. arenas of the United States by considering their own interests. For example, when it is said that the president in the United States is the representative of oil and arms cartels, etc., it is not an exaggeration and refers to a phenomenon that has a long and lasting history in this country.
Hamid Khoshayand – International Affairs Analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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