An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: At the end of August this year, Saudi Arabia announced that it had appointed its first ambassador to the Palestinian Authority. Based on this decision, Nayef bin Bandar al-Sudairi, as the extraordinary, plenipotentiary and non-resident ambassador (accredited) of Saudi Arabia in Ramallah and the Saudi consul general in occupied Quds, handed over his credentials to Majdi Al-Khalidi, the diplomatic advisor of Mahmoud Abbas, the head of the Palestinian Authority. Now, less than two months have passed since these decisions and actions, the Saudi government has announced that an official delegation from this country, headed by Nayef Bin Bandar Al-Sudairi, will travel to Ramallah to celebrate the birthday of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and to offer prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque; An unprecedented action since the occupation of Quds in 1967, which will open a new chapter in Saudi Arabia’s diplomatic and role-playing activities in the West Asian region.
Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri – University professor
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.