An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online – London is now in an ambiguous position because it is both about to secede completely from the European Union and it is not clear what trend the US will adopt towards Britain after its separation.
Ali Bigdeli – Expert on European Affairs
Strategic Council Online – If Britain withdraws from the European Union without an agreement, it will no longer be able to use the EU market and the two sides will have to negotiate customs tariffs. In such a situation, trade barriers will be built in the ports of both sides, which will make the entry and exit of goods difficult and will affect the price trend.
Morteza Makki – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: In the short term, given the EU’s internal crises, it cannot be hoped that Brussels-Moscow relations will improve quickly, but in the medium and long terms, the EU due to its dependence on Russian energy and the fact that part of Russia is on the European continent, is forced to settle differences with Moscow and to reduce tensions in the relations with Russia.
Alireza Samoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online: Concerns about another shock to the UK economy after Brexit are likely to force Bors Johnson to extend negotiations with the EU in the 90th minute so that by reaching a comprehensive agreement between Britain and the EU the soft exit of UK from the European Union will be realized.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.