An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: A former Iranian ambassador to China said the United States was re-evaluating its relations with Beijing. “After the coronavirus, China is no longer the country it used to be, and the United States will use China’s weakness in information dissemination regarding the outbreak of the coronavirus as an excuse to put pressure on this country and it will not give up.”
Strategic Council Online: The Coronavirus has hit the Chinese economy badly, and it will, for a long time, make China’s economy vulnerable. When China’s annual economic growth reaches below 6%, political alarm bells will be sounded, meaning 2020 maybe a year of domestic political challenges for the Beijing government.
Dr Saeed Attar – University Professor
Strategic Council Online: An American affairs analyst said US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s tough stance against China at the Munich Security Conference signalled US weakness and decline: Under such circumstances, a government that once saw itself as a global power would exhibit nervous behaviour and to protect itself would behave more aggressively.
Strategic Council Online: If Coronavirus continues to spread serious damage will be inflicted on the Chinese economy. Meantime, and if the US does not cooperate in controlling the disease, rumours that the US benefits from the spread of the virus and its impact on the Chinese economy, as well as its magnification, are acceptable.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Expert on Geopolitics
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.