An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A technology sector expert stated: In the era of cyber wars and artificial intelligence, independence in the digital domain has become a critical issue; countries that achieve technological self-sufficiency sooner will shape their future security.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international governance of cyberspace, stating that militarization of cyberspace causes a change in understanding from cooperation-oriented cyber geopolitics to conflict-oriented cyber geopolitics, said: Especially after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, the gaps in the discussion of international cyberspace governance have deepened.
Strategic Council Online – The deputy of Iran Cyber Defense Command, stating that technological progress, in addition to having different advantages, also creates new problems, said: The United States, the Zionist regime, and their regional allies are working to increase their operational access to our infrastructures by taking advantage of the advancement in cyberspace-related technologies.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of international issues says on the US concern about the Cyberwar with Russia that “in recent years, the issue of technological and cyber competition with Russia and even China is one of the most important issues in the domestic circles of the United States.”
Strategic Council Online – The latest G7 summit showed that the conflict among the big world powers is intensifying and the world is moving towards a greater confrontation of the big powers.
Reza Majidzadeh – Researcher of the political economy of development
Strategic Council online- The final statement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit once again showed that we are living in an age where the aspirations of the UN Charter are still under the most intense pressure after 76 years.
Dr. Ali Karbalei Hosseini, International Law Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.