An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The war in Ukraine and the imposition of 13,656 sanctions against Russia, as well as blocking half of that country’s foreign exchange reserves (300 billion dollars) in foreign banks, has intensified the incentive for different countries in the world, from Brazil to Southeast Asia to “de-dollarize” foreign trade.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The trade war between China and the United States has been turned into a full-fledged dispute over the past several months; in recent weeks, the two sides have done everything in their power to push through the trenches to advance in this economic war.
Hamideh Safamanesh -International Relations Researcher
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.