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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic competition

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

China-Germany Cooperation: Defense Strategy in Trade War with America

Strategic Council Online: A university lecturer on international relations says although German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to China apparently portrays a picture of limited economic and political cooperation between the two countries, nonetheless, the event reveals that behind the scene, the world’s two big economic powers with their economic potential have declared an unannounced war against US President Donald Trump’s trade war. The negotiations held and the agreements reached between Berlin and Beijing too point to this very point.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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