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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Economic resources

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Economic Competition of Powers in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Libya’s good economic opportunities have led European states to enter into serious disputes with each other in their bid to dominate Libya, each secretly and openly supporting one of the parties involved in Libya, or like the London government play a significant role in the ongoing Libyan conflict through their interventions in the Arab world and through the use of Arab reaction on their behalf.
Jafar Qanadbashi – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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