An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: It is highly likely to witness riots and protests after the upcoming US presidential elections and the probable emergence of clashes between the supporters of the candidates of Republicans and the Democratic Party; of course, it is not yet clear whether or not clashes would happen between the two groups as it really depends on the amount of gap between the votes of the two candidates.
Foad Izadi—Professor at the Faculty of the World Studies, University of Tehran
Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Presidential Strategic Studies said that the only thing that matters for the Republicans today is the acquisition of the White House. It does not matter to them whether democracy is weakened, some civil liberties are diminished or a series of American values are violated at the cost of occupying the White House for the second time by a Republicans.
Strategic Council Online – A university professor said that US President Donald Trump is trying to lead the US election towards confrontation because, the existing infrastructure helps him to win the fight, but given the social conditions in the United States, in the case of election disputes we will be witness to protests and violence in the American society.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on US affairs said if Trump loses or does not win by a landslide vote, he may not accept the election result and take it to the court, adding that in that case, we may probably witness some violence.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.