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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

energy trade

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Attempts to Distance Iran from Energy Trade in the Region

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Saudi Arabia has been trying to dominate the Iraqi energy market and move the country away from relying on Iranian gas and electricity, to the extent that Iraqi electricity will soon be connected to the national grid of the Persian Gulf countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Middle East affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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