An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A foreign policy expert says that with the increase in BRICS members, this group will continue to be a space where the balance between the members will determine its future. He noted that if it is to be a cold war between China, probably with the company of Russia, and the United States, BRICS will suffer. But if by adjusting the dispute between China and the US, the possibility will be provided for members to cooperate easily, BRICS can have more successful efforts. In any case, the way of interaction and balance between the members will determine its future.
Strategic Council Online – Note: The observer membership of the Zionist regime in the African Union, of which 19 of the 55 members are Arab and Muslim governments, is a dangerous issue that can have devastating consequences, including creating divisions and disintegration in African countries.
Hamid Khoshayand – analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – A university professor emphasized that presence of the Zionist regime in an environment like Africa, despite its colonial history and its implications, as well as its weak, unstable and fluid governments, will lead to increased differences of opinion and create tension in the countries of the continent.
Strategic Council Online – A former Middle East Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that a large part of Sudanese society is not yet ready to accept the normalization of relations with Israel. He noted: Given that this measure is unlikely to help solve Sudan’s living and economic problems, it after a while, this decision may become the source of internal disputes and conflicts in Sudan.
Strategic Council Online – The illegitimate presence of the Zionists in the Persian Gulf will increase vulnerability of these forces; as the Arab nations of the region are not psychologically and culturally ready to accept the citizens of the Israeli regime and this is considered a serious challenge for Tel Aviv. There may also be underground movements in the future to strike at the interests of the Israeli regime in the Arab countries.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert of the Middle East
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.