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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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France’s Middle Eastern policies

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

France’s international strategies during Macron’s second term as president

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A former diplomat says the executive power of French President Emanuel Macron in international scenes will increase in his second term as president, adding that there is no coordination in European policies on the Ukraine crisis, and one of Macron’s challenges during his presidency will be to coordinate the European community to resolve the Ukraine crisis peacefully and coexist peacefully with Russia.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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