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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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International system

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

A Glimpse at Developments of Intl. Order; a Year after Ukrainian War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs, saying that there is no sign of an end to the war in Ukraine in the current conditions, emphasized: Now the equations of the past are messed up and the new system is based on multilateralism and neutrality and relies on regionalism in which regional powers will cooperate and compete with each other at the international level.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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