An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Note: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relations between Iran and Egypt have been maintained at the level of the ‘interest section.’ Before anything else, this situation resulted from the “security vision” Egypt’s foreign policy adopted towards Iran, in addition to Cairo’s compliance with certain regional players and international pressures, especially from the United States.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The stand of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding welcoming Egypt’s desire to resume relations is a valuable opportunity that can speed up the process of improving relations between the two countries.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After several decades of turmoil and ambiguity in Iran-Egypt relations, now it has been about a year that the two countries have been sending signals of their desire to resume relations, and recently the head of the Egyptian Foreign Affairs Council welcomed Iraq’s proposal and emphasized the importance of Tehran-Cairo relations.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahim Nia – Expert on Egypt affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.