جدیدترین مطالب

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

LATEST CONTENT

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Iran

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Iraqis Demand Faster US Withdrawal from Their Country

Strategy Council Online – A Middle East expert said: “Some speculations suggest that with the rise of Joe Biden in the United States, we may see an acceleration of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and some other countries in the region.”

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Dimensions of Joe Biden’s Middle East Policy

Strategic Council Online – Joe Biden, despite repeatedly emphasizing his support for Israel, opposes some of Trump’s unilateral actions on the issue of peace, the annexation of more territories in the West Bank, and calls for the US to return to the two-state solution.
Dr. Tahmoures Gholami – Expert on American Issues

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Legacy of Martyr Soleimani; Axis of Resistance, New Political-Security Structure & Special & Lasting Military Command

Strategic Council Online – Special Assistant to the IRI Parliament Speaker for International Affairs, stating that General Soleimani was able to launch new political-security arrangements in the region called “Axis of Resistance”, noted: “Using the capacity of diplomacy and personal power in negotiations with all foreign parties, has left another unique policy in the field of negotiations from General Soleimani.”

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Objectives of Tense Actions of Trump’s Team on Final Days in White House

Strategic Council Online – An analyst at the Center for Strategic Studies of President’s Office said that those in the US administration who think of Israel’s interests will be happy to see a military confrontation with Iran on the last days of the Trump administration, adding: Trump’s team is trying to push political relations of Iran and the United States to a point of bitterness and tension the severity of which would not allow Mr. Biden to formulate a successful diplomacy with Iran.

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Britain’s Reduced Presence in Middle East after Hard Brexit

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the School of International Relations said that after a hard Brexit, in the medium and long term we will be witness to a decreased political, military and economic presence of Britain in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, adding: The United Kingdom will increase its coordination with the United States in the Persian Gulf, while trying to introduce new cards for playing in the region.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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