An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Seven months after Iraq’s parliamentary elections, a new government has not yet been formed. Prolonged government formation, which has led to a continuing political stalemate in Iraq, poses new challenges for the country, which is still in a period of security and political transition despite defeating ISIS.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online- Interview: An expert on Iraqi commented on the recent meeting held among Shi’ite parties inside Iraq at Al-Ameri’s house and said:” It seems that timewise, as we distance from the election, Iraqi trends and political groups of the country cope with the results of the election better than ever in the past and go ahead towards political counselling to form the cabinet and select the heads of three powers i.e. President, Speaker of the Parliament and Prime Minister”.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: The fifth parliamentary election in Iraq was held on October 10, 2021, especially amid particular international, regional and domestic situation which was coupled with challenging sidelines. It seems to be normal to some extent in a country like Iraq as a country that practices transition and where the foundations of democracy are not solidified yet.
Hamid Khoshayand, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Iraq affairs, commenting on the continued presence of US troops in Iraq despite strategic talks between the two countries on this issue and approval of the law on the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in December 2019 said: There is no doubt that the stay of American forces in Iraq will intensify instability in that country.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.