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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iraqi resistance

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Role & Importance of Popular Mobilization Forces in Ensuring Iraq’s Security & Stability

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al Shaabi) are one of the “important components of power in Iraq” that, alongside the country’s armed forces, play an “effective role” in maintaining security and securing Iraq’s national interests. The Popular Mobilization Forces were formed after the Iraqi army’s defeats against ISIS on December 17, 2014, by a fatwa issued by the Iraqi religious authority, and gained legal and official identity and existence on November 25, 2016, with the passage of a law in parliament.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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