An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The failure of the efforts of Juan Guaido, the self-declared president of Venezuela who had called the people of his country to rise against the elected government of Venezuela, was the fruit of the resistance of the people and Nicolas Maduro, the country’s legal president against the Western pressures especially the United States.
Mirqasem Momeni—Director of Abrar Novin Cheshmandaz International Studies Institute
Strategic Council Online – Note: Given Europe’s coordination with Biden’s administration, the West, including Europe and the United States in general, is likely to pursue a common policy toward Venezuela.
Dr. Hadi Aalami Fariman – Expert on Latin America affairs
Strategic Council Online: A university professor, referring to a series of recent US actions in Venezuela said: “The United States has come to the conclusion that Venezuela is a weak link it can use for foreign policy achievement, and with the focus on Venezuela, Washington may topple Maduro in a quasi-coup in the remaining few months.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.