An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on European issues said: Algeria recently announced that it will recall its ambassador from Paris following French President Emmanuel Macron’s support for the autonomy plan of the Western Sahara under the rule of the Maghreb. Macron considers this plan “the only way” to resolve the long-term disputes between the Maghreb and Algeria.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Africa affairs, saying that if the scenario of Zionist regime’s membership in the African Union succeeds, African countries will be divided on international issues, noted: Given the positions of some countries and their criticisms, this membership will not be easily achieved and does not seem likely.
Strategic Council Online – A meeting of the foreign ministers of member countries of the anti-ISIS coalition was held in Rome under the joint chairmanship of Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio and his American counterpart Antony Blinken.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Morocco is the last country that has taken measures for normalization of relations with the Zionist regime. This country, along with Egypt, Jordan, the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan, is the sixth country in the Arab world that establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. In return for the normalization of relations, Morocco received recognition of possession of Western Sahara.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Expert on international affairs
Strategic Council Online: The presence of US troops in Africa is in line with efforts by Washington and some other Western capitals to create the southern branch of the NATO military alliance.
Jafar Ghanadbashi- Middle East Affairs Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.