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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

Merkel

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Merkel

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Merkel

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Merkel

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Merkel

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Consequences of Joint US-Danish Espionage against European Allies

Strategic Council Online – Eight years after the controversial remarks of Edward Snowden, a former US National Security Agency contractor, a new page has been opened in the case of European allies. Snowden’s revelations in 2012 unveiled a wide range of the country’s extensive cyber surveillance program. Washington’s recent spying on its top European allies has been known since Snowden’s revelation.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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