Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
جدیدترین مطالب
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
أحدث الوظائف
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
LATEST CONTENT
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei
Analyzing the Topics Raised in the Munich Security Conference
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Munich Security Conference, which started its activity during the Cold War, is known as one of the unofficial authorities in the world and an institution for dialogue and exchange of views on security issues and international security policies.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – International Relations Analyst
Ukraine Crisis & New Security Order in Europe
Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: The U.S. and its Western allies have put their forces into alert status and are deploying more warships ad fighters to the Eastern Europe that indicates rising concerns about the occurrence of a probable clash in the East Europe.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei, Analyst of European Affairs
Explicit and Critical Virtual Summit Meeting of the U.S. and China Leaders
Strategic Council Online-Opinion: Senior officials of the United States and bipartisan consensus at Congress have specified the economic power and rising military strength of China as the main challenge that the national security of the United States faces.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaee- Analyst, International Issues
Afghan Interim Government and Problems Ahead
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Afghan Taliban announced the names of key members of the new interim government last Tuesday. The structure of the interim government shows that the Taliban want to ensure its political domination and absolute control over the country, meaning that the Taliban at this stage prioritize solving political and security problems and internal consolidation in order to exercise supervision and sovereignty over the entire territory of Afghanistan.
Mohsen Sharif Khodaei – expert on international affairs
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.