جدیدترین مطالب

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Muammar al-Gaddafi

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Unstable Peace in Libya; Ambiguity in Effectiveness of Morocco Talks

Strategic Council Online – It is very optimistic to think that the Morocco talks will have desirable outcome, even though they are serious and backed by the United Nations and other international organizations. But if after the elections of December 24, 2021, Libya’s internal leaders respect its results, it can be said that this country is one step closer to the lasting peace.
Dr. Hossein Ebrahimnia – University Professor and Analyst of International Affairs

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Possibility of Libya’s Disintegration Due to Foreign Intervention

Strategic Council Online – Regional players such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey are attempting to break up Libya and establish two different sovereignties in the country. Therefore, if the war continues, Libya like Sudan, may be divided into the two eastern and western parts.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on Asian Affairs

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Scenarios Ahead of the Libyan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Libya’s Ambiguous Perspective

Strategic Council Online: An expert on African affairs says the proxy war in Libya has somehow started with the intervention of the regional states, mainly the Arab states. He considers the ineffectiveness of the National Unity Government a means to further intensify the provocative efforts of Khalifa Haftar, emphasizing that in these circumstances, one cannot virtually draw a good perspective for the future of the Libyan government.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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