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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Non-State Actor

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Importance of and Reason for Iran’s Interaction with Taliban

Strategic Council Online – Although for a long time, governments were the most important and only players in international politics and power was the first and most important determinant of international equations, in recent decades and with the emergence of non-governmental players, we have been witness to their role-playing.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on International Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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