SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Russia affairs said that after Russia’s recent military conflict with the Wagner Group and with the concerns that have arisen in Moscow about relying on private military contractors, conditions for Russia in the war will become more difficult and complicated, adding: The Russian government, which was previously worried about the Outbreak of a tsunami of political and economic crisis, now has concerns about a rebellion and a similar military crisis, and should seek more measures to deal with any kind of similar political or military crisis.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The placement of nuclear weapons of NATO and Russia near each other’s borders will increase the risk of tensions and entry of the US and Russia into a hot war and face the non-proliferation and progress in the field of nuclear disarmament with serious risks. Meantime, Non-nuclear countries are forced to take countermeasures to ensure their security.
Pouria Nabipour – Ph.D. in political science and international relations
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on US affairs commenting on the White House approach to the North Korea supersonic missile tests said: At present, the only tool available to the US is sanctions, but even Washington knows that it cannot resort to the option of war in order to solve the North Korean problem and the only option is the same option of diplomacy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: After the end of the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has greatly decreased and according to the latest estimates has reached 15,000 warheads, but given that the explosive power of new nuclear weapons is thousands of times more than the old ones, the danger of the available weapons to human life and the Planet Earth is no less, if not more, than the old nuclear weapons.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on geopolitics has said France has failed to adopt appropriate policies on counterterrorism, saying that while Europe’s top concern has been terrorist acts over less than a decade, Mr Macron thinks we are still in the Cold War era and gives the first priority to developing nuclear weapons and to boast them against Russia.
TEHRAN, Nov. 12 – Head of Strategic Council for Foreign Relations Kamal Kharrazi addressed the seminar of ‘European Union in Route of Defensive and Security Co-alliance’ in Vienna on Friday.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Following military failure, Trump has announced the implementation of sanctions and old economic pressures under the new label of “unprecedented economic operation” against Iran; however, Tehran can neutralize this blockade through four specific strategies.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Two contrasting narratives of Trump’s foreign policy – one “crisis as doctrine” and the other a “coherent doctrine” – present a complex picture of America’s attempt to redefine its role in the international system.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.