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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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populism

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Landmark Election in Germany & Its European Consequences

Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

An Analysis of Biden’s National Security Document and Its Difference from Trump Era

Strategic Council Online – A faculty member of the Center for Strategic Studies, referring to the threats mentioned in the interim national security document of the Biden administration, said: This document emphasizes the competition between the great powers and the threat of changing the distribution of power in the international system and in the US foreign policy, unlike in the past, terrorism and extremism are no longer the primary threat to the US national security.

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Direction of Increasing Dipoles in the United States

Strategic Council Online – An expert on American affairs said: Some of Trump’s supporters believe that the American identity should be preserved and that the United States is defined by its European descent, including the whites and the Protestants; but Trump’s opponents believe that the American society is a multiracial and mosaic society, and that all races should be involved in the affairs of the society and in the administration.

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Outcome of Escalating Intervention by Foreign Actors in Libya

Strategic Council Online: Referring to the war of words between Turkey and the UAE over Libya, a university professor said that the rivalry that has taken place between the two groups in Libya is an endless game in which neither side will succeed in becoming influential powers in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. He said if this trend continues they will not be total victors in Libya.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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