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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

The Prohibition of Attacks on Infrastructure: A Universal and Binding Rule

SCFR Online – Note: Attacks against critical infrastructure—including bridges, power plants, water infrastructure such as desalination facilities, and hospitals—constitute a blatant violation of the laws of war and represent a serious test for the efficacy of the international legal order.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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