An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Professor of Political Economy and Public Policy Department at Allameh Tabatabaei University, explaining the features of the Russian and Chinese SWIFTs, said: What could become the strong point of the Chinese and Russian SWIFTs is that if the volume, number, and scope of US sanctions expands in the world; those could become the SWIFT of the US-sanctioned block, and they could gain tremendous maneuvering power in the world of economics.
Strategic Council Online – Foreign policy of each country has a clear framework. This framework has principles and goals that are shaped on the basis of values of that country and also have a definition of concepts that the total of all these cases forms a paradigm. In fact, within this context, there is a paradigm that shapes the strategies of each country in foreign policy, and tactics and techniques are considered a subset of these strategies. This is the rule that applies today to all countries, including Iran.
Dr. Saeed Jalili – Member of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations
Strategic Council Online – If Joe Biden, Trump’s Democratic rival, wins the presidential elections, we will be witness to a different atmosphere in the arena of international relations and Chinese and Russian arms sales to Iran will be overshadowed by Biden’s return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Under such circumstances, Beijing and Moscow will sell conventional and limited arms to Iran more conveniently.
Rahman Qahramanpour – Senior Expert on Geopolitical Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.