An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An analyst of European issues considered the sharp atmosphere related to immigration and its consequences as one of the main reasons for the growth of extremist parties in Europe, adding that the increase in dissatisfaction of people with the main parties in those countries causes the rise in attention to extreme-right parties in Europe.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine showed that most of the predictions that considered the idea of an attack a mere propaganda ploy and the conspiracy of Western media or regarded the interwoven global economy an obstacle hindering outbreak of war were not accurate enough.
Seyed Nader Nourbakhsh – Expert on Europe affairs
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Germany held a landmark and important election on Sunday, September 26, 2021. The election will put an end to the 16-year chancellorship of Angela Merkel, who led the country for four consecutive terms. More than 60 million Germans over 18 years of age are eligible to vote. It should be noted that in Germany, the executive power takes its legitimacy from legislative power. Bundestag nationwide election is considered as the most important political event of the country at the federal level.
Seyed Nader Noorbakhsh, Ph.D. Political Geography, Tehran University
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: In recent weeks and parallel with an increase in military movements along the Black Sea and Russia-Ukraine border, this region has been once again brought into the global focus.
Seyyed Nader Noorbakhsh-European affairs analyst
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.