جدیدترین مطالب

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

أحدث الوظائف

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

LATEST CONTENT

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Siamak Kakaie

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Prospects of US-Iraq Strategic Dialogue; US Deceptions

Strategic Council Online – In the negotiations between the United States and Iraq in recent weeks, a reduction of American forces in Iraq has been emphasized and it has been decided that the withdrawal of these forces will take place in the coming months; but because the term “reduction of forces” has been used, this can be interpretive.
Siamak Kakai – Iraqi Affairs Expert

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Iraq; Challenges Facing Mustafa al-Kazemi Government

Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Turkey and Multivariate Equations in Idlib

Strategic Council Online: Turkey believes if Idlib is liberated Ankara’s role in the next political process in Syria will decline and the Syrian government may in future seek to oust Turkish forces from other areas, such as Afrin.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey affairs expert

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Turkey’s Intentions behind Troop Dispatch to Libya

Strategic Council Online: Despite the geographical, strategic and economic importance of Libya for Turkey, the Mediterranean movements of Ankara occur within the framework of a new policy Recep Tayyip Erdogan seeks to apply.
Siamak Kakai – Turkey Affairs expert

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Turkey’s Goals in Buying S400

Strategic Council Online: Turkey, by purchasing S400 missile system, is trying to critically remind the United States of its excessive delay in delivering the Patriot system to Ankara on the one hand, and intends to demonstrate its independence in military decision-making beyond what the US and NATO determine, on the other hand.
Siamak Kakaie – Turkish Affairs expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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