An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A professor of international relations considered the US strategy towards China and the announcement of the acceptance of “One China” principle as being based on the “carrot and stick” policy, and said: China is exposed to numerous harms and knows what the US raises within the framework of “acceptance of One China,” is not the implementing policy of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: Former Iranian ambassador to China, saying that the political community of Taiwan does not seem to be interested in radical measure to change the balance of power vis-a-vis China, added: Positions of the two parties in Taiwan that support its independence have mostly propagative, or even blackmail aspect, from China.
Strategic Council Online – At a time that international developments indicate increasing tensions against China’s ostensible power and apparently fanning the fuel of Beijing’s territorial disputes with its neighbours is on the agenda of crisis creation, the EU is considering forging closer relations with China’s neighbours.
Abolghasem Delfi – Former Diplomat
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.