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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

software warfare

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategy of Hybrid Warfare against Enemy

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, in his remarks on February 8 in a meeting with the Air Force personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, referring to the hybrid warfare of the enemy in the political, economic, media and security fields, announced the key to launching a mutual hybrid warfare.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Expert on international affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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