An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council on Online-Interview: An analyst of Europe issues said most members of the European Union consider as a humiliation for European countries the collapse of the Afghan government and inability to protect Afghan citizens while emphasizing the formation of a rapid reaction force.
Strategic Council Online—Editorial: The issue of the completion of the Nordstream 2 pipeline has turned into a new crisis between the United States and Russia as well as the transatlantic relations.
Alireza Samoodi-Expert of Europe issues
Strategic Council Online – Biden’s policy towards Iran and even the current European approach seem to be an imitation of Donald Trump’s approach which, with its insistence on maintaining maximum pressure and negotiating regional and missile issues in the agreement, raises the question of how there is any talk of reviving the JCPOA?
Abed Akbari – Expert on European affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic Council Online – A political economy analyst, referring to the common interests between the EU presidency, that is Germany, and China, said: The Germans are working in favour of China, and the growth in the trade figures of China-Europe relations shows the direction of future lineups in the world.
Strategic Council Online: An expert on Europe affairs believes that if the EU was to fully approach China, in the post-Trump period it would cause them harm and would lead to more transatlantic gap. To this end, Europe has taken a double-standard policy towards China.
Strategic Council Online: “With the decline in US focus on foreign affairs and adoption of a controversial approach towards its allies, we will soon see more gaps in the alliance on the two sides of the Atlantic and greater independence of Europe,” said an expert on international affairs, referring to the corona pandemic.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.