Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
جدیدترین مطالب
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
أحدث الوظائف
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
LATEST CONTENT
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.
Turkey
Analysis of Continuation of Talks Between Turkey-Greece Without Preconditions
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent meeting of foreign ministers of Turkey and Greece in Ankara was held in a friendly atmosphere under the influence of Greece’s aid to Turkey following the two deadly earthquakes in Turkey and then Turkey’s condolences to Greece for the deadly train accident earlier this year. This meeting was held after the meeting of Turkish President Erdogan and Greek Conservative Prime Minister Mitsotakis on the sidelines of the NATO meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, in July. In recent negotiations, the foreign ministers of the two countries discussed old disputes such as the Cyprus issue, the stalled process of Turkey’s membership in the European Union and illegal immigration, the framework for strengthening economic and commercial cooperation, and the development of cooperation in fields such as transportation, maritime cooperation, trade, and technology, environment protection and fighting against natural disasters.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Objectives Behind Holding Joint US-Armenia Military Exercise
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former head of the Foundation for Caucasus Studies considered the holding of a limited exercise between Armenia and the United States a warning to Russia to show that Armenia, under the leadership of Pashinyan, will rely more on the United States and said: This maneuver, which is mainly for the domestic consumption of Biden and Pashinyan governments, will not help Yerevan and will not be effective in the critical developments that are being shaped in the region.
Britain’s Role in Blocking Lachin Corridor
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In the aftermath of the 44-day war between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, the Lachin Corridor has become a “challenging” subject matter.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
Necessity of Investigating Caspian Sea Level Decrease’s Causes in Cooperation with Coastal Countries
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University said: The only binding legal mechanism for the marine environment of the Caspian Sea is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, also known as the “Tehran Convention,” with its five protocols, which have many capacities and whose scope includes various issues, including prevention and reduction of pollution, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, exchange of and access to information, management of coastal areas, etc. While examining such capacities for the cooperation of the coastal countries, they should be made more active by removing the obstacles to preserve and strengthen the marine and environmental regime of the Caspian Sea.
Dimensions, Prospects of UAE-Saudi Rivalry in Ukraine Crisis
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of international affairs considered the competition between the UAE and Saudi Arabia regarding mediation to solve the Ukraine crisis as part of the competitive strategy of the two countries in different political, economic, and geopolitical fields with the aim of expanding influence and creating soft power in the region and the world, especially in the centers of international power, and said: Saudi Arabia has more weight and leverage to play such a role in this framework.
Aims, Dimensions of Saudi Participation in Building New Generation Of Fighter Jets
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Challenges, Prospects of the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline Project
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Although the United States withdrew its support for the ambitious 2,000-kilometer Eastern Mediterranean natural gas pipeline project, known as EastMed, about a year and a half ago, its consortium known as Posidon, which consists of “Depa,” the operator of Greek Gas Network and “Edison” Energy Group, continues its engineering studies which are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
Prospects of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus Quadrilateral Meeting
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced during the recent visit of Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis to Egypt that his country is considering a quadrilateral meeting in Cairo between the heads of Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus to discuss the tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean and bring together views regarding the demarcation of maritime borders and the possibility of Turkey joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum.
Mahmoud Fazeli – International affairs analyst
The causes and consequences of the suspension of the implementation of the crop agreement between Russia and Ukraine
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An analyst of Russian issues emphasized that the West does not want to settle any of the dimensions of the Ukraine crisis and is only seeking the continuation and expansion of its dimensions because, according to the Russians, they did not fulfill the obligations they gave to Russia, and they have shown that they do not seek the interests of underdeveloped countries, especially in Africa.
Analysis of Ankara’s Policy towards Damascus, Importance of Turkey’s Military Withdrawal from Syria
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Syria affairs, stating that Turkey’s approach to northern Syria can still make Syria face many security challenges and will have wide-ranging consequences in Syria and the region, noted: It seems that after Bashar Assad’s opposition and announcement of his conditions and with the end of the Turkish presidential elections, Ankara’s position against Syria has become more inflexible.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Geoeconomics as the Most Important Arena of Great Power Competition
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Washington’s military strategy
Strategic Council Online – Note: By disregarding Iran’s deterrence capabilities and political economy leverage in the Strait of Hormuz, Washington has reached a strategic deadlock from which military means are unable to extricate it.
Indicators for Choosing Between War and Diplomacy
SCFR Online – Opinion: Foreign policy analysis is valid when it evaluates decisions based on the information and circumstances prevailing at the time they were made, not on the basis of outcomes that only become apparent after the crisis has ended.
Sanctions in Changing Nature; From an Instrument of Economic Pressure to a Weapon of Technological Containment
SCFR Online-Opinion: Sanctions are gradually transforming from classical financial instruments into complex mechanisms for the containment of technology, data, and global supply chains.
An Analysis of France’s Effort to Play a Role in Syria during the Transitional Period
SCFR Online – Opinion: Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Damascus is an attempt to redefine France’s role in Syria following the recent political developments in that country; an effort pursued within the context of great power competition and the country’s security challenges.
The role of emerging powers in rewriting the rules of the global order
Strategic Council Online – Note: Middle powers such as India, Turkey, Australia, and some Persian Gulf countries are no longer marginal actors, but are redefining global power equations through balancing diplomacy.
The war of narratives; a tool for geopolitical competition
Strategic Council Online – Note: In today’s global politics, the creation of narratives has become as important as territorial control and economic management, and has turned into the main tool of great power competition.
Handing over the Gaza’s administration is a strategic move by Hamas on the path to political transformation and the preservation of resistance.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Hamas’s handing over the civilian management in Gaza is assessed as an attempt to reduce political pressures, facilitate reconstruction, and preserve the status of resistance in the future equations of Palestine.