An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of Turkey affairs considered the results of the first round of the elections as a kind of victory for Erdogan and said: With the victory of Kılıçdaroğlu, some regional changes might be witnessed, but in any case, it seems that the winner of the elections will face a series of internal problems and those problems will be aggravated if Kılıçdaroğlu wins.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: War in Ukraine showed once again that Turkey is a touch, meanwhile, an uneasy, but necessary partner for the West.
Mahmoud Faazeli, Analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: After a decade of cold relations, Turkey and the UAE are on the path to reviving bilateral relations. This new trend began in 2021 with a series of high-level diplomatic meetings and contacts, culminating in Mohamed bin Zayed’s November visit to Ankara. Recently, Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited Abu Dhabi to offer condolences on the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The trip also saw the signing of more than 10 agreements between the two countries, including a defense industry cooperation agreement.
Seyed Hamed Hosseini – PhD student in international relations
Motivations
Strategic Council online – Interview: Having referred to the declining importance of Turkey for the U.S. and strategic importance of the country for the Middle East, said:” Having considered every and all conditions, the U.S. efforts to make change in Turkey’s policies, to drop out of Erdogan and to influence the upcoming elections will not succeed.
Strategic Council Online—Interview: Explaining the most important opportunities and challenges facing the Turkish economy, the head of the Iran-Turkey Chamber of Commerce and Industry said “Although Turkey has made progress in trade and exports, especially during the 19 years of Erdogan and his party in power, however the presence of more than 70 foreign banks in Turley could turn into an economic crisis for the country if sanctions are imposed.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.