An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior analyst in West Asia affairs stated that while a wave of readiness for the official recognition of the State of Palestine by some countries is forming, the upcoming UN General Assembly session has become a decisive stage for the future of the Palestinian issue. At first glance, these moves are considered an essential step towards the potential advancement of the two-state solution and pressuring the Israeli regime to halt illegal settlements and accept the political reality of Palestinian sovereignty. Belgium’s decision to impose 12 firm sanctions against the Israeli regime and recognize the State of Palestine reflects this same perspective, which seeks to open a new political path in the face of the Gaza humanitarian crisis. However, there is another view that considers this diplomatic wave merely a symbolic reaction to public opinion pressure after nearly two years of slaughter and siege in Gaza, believing that as long as the United States stands alongside the Israeli regime, these movements will not lead to the establishment of a real Palestinian state. This viewpoint holds that the expansionist policies of Tel Aviv, the idea of Greater Israel, and the support of Western powers remain the main obstacles to any real change on the ground. Therefore, the September session of the UN General Assembly is considered an important test to gauge the seriousness of the international community in moving beyond symbolism towards practical action.
Strategic Council Online: A resolution that would have condemned the Palestinian group Hamas and its attacks on Israel failed to pass the United Nations on Thursday, despite an aggressive campaign by the United States and Israel to cast it as a vote on peace and terrorism.
Hassan Hanizadeh – Middle East Expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.