An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – A professor at the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, referring to the most important issues raised in the US Annual Intelligence Report, which addresses global threats, said: The US is still coping with its domestic affairs and in this process, there is some confusion in the foreign policy issues including Iran’s nuclear program.
Strategic Council Online: Michigan Journal on International Law forecasts $15 to $19 billion in sanctions losses caused by losing export markets, which is equivalent to 200,000 to 260,000 jobs lost.
Reza Tavakoli – International Economic Relations Researcher, Office of Economic Diplomacy Studies, Imam Sadegh University
Strategic Council Online: Commenting on the US economy, a top expert on strategic issues, citing Washington’s 27 per cent budget deficit, said: “There is a significant risk to the US economy, and the important thing is that an outlook for a recession in the US economy has been created. And this has caused whispers of a recession not only in America but also in some European countries.”
Strategic Council Online: Measures such as ignoring international treaties, unilateral actions in support of Israel, or trade wars will ultimately weaken the US globally.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – American Affairs expert
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.