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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Vali Kouzegar Kaleji

Importance and Perspectives of Iran-Tajikistan Relations

Strategic Council Online: For nearly three years now, due to various reasons, including different conspiracies, Iran-Tajikistan relations have gone through ups and downs that do not match the close relations of the two countries in the past.
Vali Kouzegar Kaleji – Senior Researcher on Central Asian and Caucasus Affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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