Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
جدیدترین مطالب
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
أحدث الوظائف
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
LATEST CONTENT
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.
Western states
China’s strategy in the development of artificial intelligence and the concerns of the US and Europe
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A faculty member of Tehran University analyzed the efforts of Western countries to legislate in this regard by stating that Westerners accuse China that the inference method and reasoning process of their artificial intelligence-based systems is without orientation and cannot be described.
Lebanon & Hezbollah Blackmailed by UNSC Tools
Strategic Council Online: The UN Security Council statement on the need for Hizbollah disarmament has been released concurrently with Lebanon’s talks with the International Monetary Fund. It seems that the UN Security Council, under pressure from the United States and the West, wants to enter a phase of blackmailing to make economic and financial support subject to the disarmament of the Hezbollah.
Hassan Hanizadeh- Middle East Affairs Expert
US Obstructions and Tarnishing IMF’s Reputation
Strategic Council Online: An expert on American affairs says Iran should be given priority in receiving a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to the sanctions, lack of access to its financial resources and in the face of the coronavirus crisis. He says except for the US sabotaging, the IMF has no technical pretext for not lending to Iran and this should be protested to by the international community.
Heavy Shadow of Khashoggi Murder over Bin Salman
Strategic Council Online: An international relations lecturer noted that Saudi Arabia and its crown prince were under intense pressure over the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Gamal Khashoggi. He said accepting responsibility by Bin Salman will not take the burden off his shoulders.
ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES
Reasons for the Ineffectiveness of Trump’s “Economic War” against Iran
SCFR Online – Opinion: The intensification of U.S. sanctions against Iran on the eve of the U.S. midterm elections indicates Washington’s inability to achieve its war objectives.
The Strategic Competition Between Beijing and Washington in the Field of Chips and Artificial Intelligence
SCFR Online – Opinion: The competition between Washington and Beijing over chips and artificial intelligence, simultaneously with the shifting of technological balances, has taken on new economic and security dimensions.
Shanghai Summit; An Opportunity to Strengthen Cooperation
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit has created a new opportunity for Iran to transform its membership from a political achievement into economic and transit cooperation.
The Makkah Defense Pact and the Emergence of an Indigenous Security Structure in West Asia
Strategic Council Online – Note: The Makkah Defense Pact can be seen as a sign of regional countries’ efforts to reduce security dependence on extra-regional powers and redefine the balance in West Asia.
The Redefinition of European Security and the Erosion of NATO’s Umbrella in the Shadow of the Ukraine War
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war, by exhausting US military capability on one hand and strengthening European defense capacity on the other, has altered the balance of power in the European continent, cast uncertainty over NATO’s future, and is driving it toward a European NATO.
The Dissolution of the SDF and Turkey’s Endless Challenges in Syria
SCFR Online – Opinion: The dissolution of the SDF, although considered an achievement for Turkey’s security, does not put an end to the challenges arising from the Israeli regime’s aggression and expansionism, refugees, and Syria’s fragility.
China’s Rejection of US Sanctions; Strengthening Iran’s Geopolitical Leverage
SCFR Online – Opinion: Concurrent with the official commencement of the United States’ economic war against our country, focusing on sanctions instruments, isolation, and economic pressure, what has now become increasingly important is the lack of alignment of other major global powers, especially China, with this policy.
Why America’s economic terrorism operation against Iran is doomed to failure?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US sanctions against Iran, despite extensive propaganda, face serious obstacles to success due to the ineffectiveness of sanctions tools and opposition from some of Tehran’s trading partners.