An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The increasing trend of political and security “challenges” in the Zionist regime is one of the “important consequences” of the Gaza war.
Hamid Khoshayand – expert on regional issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A researcher of the Zionist regime affairs at the Stream Research Institute, regarding the continuation of protests in the Zionist regime in response to the revision plan of the judicial reform law, said: Protests against the Supreme Court reform case have entered the 18th consecutive week, while the negotiations between Netanyahu’s government and the opposition parties to reach a solution are not inspiring.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs commenting on the unexpected resignation of a senior member of the Zionist regime’s Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s party from the ruling coalition said: Bennett’s government is in a fragile position and one more resignation could end up in the government’s collapse.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Recently, Zionist regime’s Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in an interview with the German newspaper “Die Welt” stressed that the time is ripe for the implementation of “Plan B” against Iran.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs said that the Zionist regime is confined within internal economic challenges, social behaviors based on anonymity, lack of history, culture and social confusion, adding: The real data about the Zionist regime show that the arguments about the collapse of the regime are not based solely on analysis, but on a fact that is revealed by real statistics and numbers.
Strategic Council Online – An expert on Zionist regime’s affairs, stating that it is not clear if the new coalition government in the Zionist regime can last up to about six months and that it has a low degree of resilience, said: The Netanyahu-Bin Zayed-Bin Salman bloc has practically disintegrated, and it looks like we will have a weaker Israel in the regional equation.
Strategic Council Online: Pointing out to Benjamin Netanyahu’s failure to form a cabinet, and appointment of Yair Lapid, leader of moderate Yesh Atid party to form the cabinet, a middle-east expert said Lapid has the support of 56 seats out of 120 Knesset MPs but in order to form his cabinet, he still needs to make a coalition with other parties.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.