An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: In recent years, the Zionist regime has tried on the one hand to be accepted politically at the regional level, or as the American officials put it, to “merge into” the Middle East region, and on the other hand, to enter into economic, political and security arrangements at the regional level and beyond.
Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad – Expert in international affairs
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs said: Saudi Arabia is facing many challenges to establish relations with the Zionist regime, including dissatisfaction of the public opinion; therefore, by putting forward such an agenda, Mohammed bin Salman is only seeking the so-called concessions from the United States and wants to try to possibly resolve the issues he has with the US from a position of power during Biden’s trip to the region.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on West Asia affairs, saying that the US and the West intend to prevent Iran’s influence and deterrence power by creating a movement against its drone and missile capabilities and by increasing pressure on Tehran. He noted: While the United States cannot increase pressure against Iran through the United Nations due to the opposition of Russia and China to unilateral policies, it is trying to focus on regional pressure tools against Iran by forming coalitions and even disseminating fake news.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The recent visit of Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Turkey, and his meetings and discussions with senior officials of that country at the current critical situation in the region, shows the importance and necessity of expanding Tehran-Ankara relations.
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert in regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.