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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Abdolreza Faraji Rad

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

European Powers’ Policy towards Iran

Strategic Council Online: Europe does not seem to tilt toward the United States, but at the same time INSTEX too is unlikely to take some effective action.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – European Affairs Expert

Trump’s Behind-the-Scene Threats against Europe

Strategic Council Online: Ever since he came to power, Donald Trump has sought to cause rift and division between European countries and his ultimate goal is based on the approach to disintegrate the European Union.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – Geopolitics Professor

Impact of US Policies on Iran-China Relations

Strategic Council Online: In view of the US pressures, China is trying to quietly maintain its relationship with Iran, a prominent example of which is the resumption of Iran-China banking relations.
Abdolreza Faraji Rad – University Lecturer

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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