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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Ardeshir Pashang

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

The Impact of the Baghdad-Erbil Agreement on the Balance of Power in Iraq

Online Strategic Council – Interview: A West Asia affairs expert stated that oil exports from the Kurdistan Region have resumed after a halt of over two years, following a tripartite agreement between Baghdad, Erbil, and oil companies. These exports had been suspended since March 2023 due to a ruling by the Paris arbitration court against Turkey. The court stated that Ankara had violated the 1973 pipeline agreement with Baghdad by allowing Erbil to export oil independently since 2014. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil announced that oil exports have commenced at full capacity and are continuing without any technical issues. The ministry described the recent move as a significant step toward strengthening the management of national wealth. Officials of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) also described this event as historic and a significant achievement for the whole of Iraq. On the other hand, the Baghdad government announced that the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan Region could add between $ 400 million and $ 500 million monthly to the federal budget and play a significant role in boosting national revenues.

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

The Strategic Significance of Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan Gas Project

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A West Asia affairs analyst stated: The Syria-Turkey-Azerbaijan gas project goes beyond simple energy cooperation and must be evaluated within the context of regional power competition, efforts to redefine the political order in Syria, and the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari-Azerbaijani axis in West Asia. An order whose future will largely depend on the stability of the Damascus government and Turkey’s ability to manage security, economic, and geopolitical crises simultaneously.
At a time when Syria is still grappling with extensive infrastructure problems and an energy crisis, the inauguration of the gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Syria via Turkey, with Qatar’s financial support, has drawn the attention of regional analysts. This project, which in its first phase will transfer 3.4 million cubic meters of gas per day and will eventually reach a capacity of 6 million cubic meters per day, could add approximately 750 megawatts to Syria’s electricity generation capacity.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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