An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior U.S. affairs analyst stated that the tariff policies of U.S. President Donald Trump have once again exposed the world to the prospect of a full-scale trade war. Trump’s threat to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods and extensive tariffs against over 150 countries, including close U.S. allies like Japan and South Korea, reflects the White House’s aggressive approach to global trade.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs, saying that in the G20 meeting in India, we witnessed a new alignment of emerging powers and developing countries in front of Europe and the US, added: We are transitioning the international system, distributing and, networking of power in the global arena, and European and American countries are not the only ones that determine the process of financial, economic, political and security developments in the world.
Strategic Council Online – Secretariat report: The BRICS group is an economic-political group consisting of the world’s emerging economies, which has been formed to reform global governance and avoid unilateralism of the United States of America.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online: The new Brazilian president is trying to introduce a new ideology in Brazilian foreign policy.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.