An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic council Online – Opinion: At the end of cold war and development in many concepts related to international relations, diplomacy was also subjected to change. As economic and cultural issues gained importance, monopoly of security and merely political issues was also reached to its ending and have lost their importance. Thus, based on the necessities of international environment, conventional diplomacy was replaced with newer diplomacies like economic diplomacy.
Hossein Sayahi, Researcher of International Issues
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A university professor saying that Iran could be the third most influential country in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization after China and Russia, said: Iran’s membership in that organization alone is not enough for the achievement of Tehran’s goals and some factors must be taken into account and at the same time movements should be put on the agenda.
Strategic Council Online- Note: During the recent years and in view of geopolitical and structural changes in the international system, and also the decline of muscle-flexing of the United States, “Iran and Russia” as important international players managed to get a greater share of the power game. At a later stage, they tried to create mechanisms for mutual cooperation in all fields (economic, military- security, and political) and also maximizing their power and national interests in line with their regional and international policies.
Aref Bijan, Expert on Russian affairs
Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Europe affairs said: The EU will definitely work in the future to persuade the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and by providing credit line, economic incentives and close engagement and cooperation with China and Russia as Iran’s allies will continue to encourage Tehran to stay in the JCPOA.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.