جدیدترین مطالب

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

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Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

أحدث الوظائف

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

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ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

LATEST CONTENT

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

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ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Loading

ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Loading

ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Loading

ISIS

Perspective of US Role Playing in Syria

Strategic Council Online: In commentaries, Americans seem to have finally accepted that the political establishment in Syria under the leadership of Bashar Assad cannot be changed; also the possibility of toppling Assad’s government and the US desired changes in Syria will not be realized; therefore, Europe and the United States will gradually but informally proceed towards recognizing the status quo.
Amir Ali AbolFatah, American Affairs expert

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Syrian Dossier Enters Political Phase

Strategic Council Online: The Syrian dossier has reached a crucial and decisive stage this year. The widespread security crisis imposed on Syria by the crisis generating regional and international actors since 2011, with the aim of overthrowing the Syrian state and disturbing the balance of power in the region to the disadvantage of the Resistance, has reached its final stages thanks to the support of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Resistance Forces as well as Russia’s assistance. Therefore, the year 2018 could be called the year of shifting the Syrian dossier into the political phase.
Ahmad Zarean – University Lecturer & Senior Expert on Strategic Affairs

SCFR President receives NOREF delegationIran’s Withdrawal from JCPOA Will Be to Europe’s Disadvantage

JCPOA remains if sanctions are away

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations emphasizes that because of US illegal withdrawal from Joint Plan of Action (JCPOA) I.R. Iran expects other parties of the deal to help Iran to leave US sanctions behind, because non-execution of the deal means that there is no benefit for Iran to remain a party to the deal.

International Counter Terrorism and Post ISIS Era

Strategic Council Online: President of Strategic Council on Foreign Relations warned against ISIS activities in Afghanistan, and named it as a threat to Iran, China, Russia and Pakistan.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact; Reasons for its Formation and Challenges Ahead

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey under the motto “an attack on one is an attack on all,” is viewed by some analysts less as a full-fledged military coalition and more as an attempt to reduce security dependence on an external power and to establish a regional security mechanism.

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

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