جدیدترین مطالب

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Jafar Haq Panah

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Goals of Turkey’s Military Actions in Northern Syria

Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: Recently, Turkish forces entered the northwest of the country to establish a military base in the Syrian province of Latakia and installed the Turkish flag in various areas. It is said that Turkish troops entered some villages in northern Latakia with engineering and surveying equipment. After surveying the Al-Kamiliya Heights, they installed the Turkish flag in various areas of villages and schools in northwestern Syria. Rami Abdul Rahman, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, warned about this move to annex these areas to Turkish territory. Without a doubt, this process will have serious consequences for Turkey.

Consequences of  Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Consequences of Recent Military Border Tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The recent military border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have characteristics that completely distinguish them from the process of increasing and gradual conflict between the two countries over the past three and a half years and even before that. Their consequences make it necessary for the neighboring countries to consult.

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

The Fall of Bashar Assad Government and Turkey’s Role and Challenges

Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Turkish affairs said: The power vacuum in the region after the US military withdrawal from Iraq and its intensification after the withdrawal from Afghanistan opened up space for maneuvering by regional powers, especially Turkey. In the meantime, Ankara, relying on national power, an active foreign policy, and cooperation with the main power blocs in the international system, turned towards ambition and role-playing in the affairs of countries and regional issues, the most important example of which we are witnessing today in Syria.

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Closeness of Turkey and Saudi Arabia Under the Theme of “Competition & Cooperation”

Strategic Council Online—Interview: Referring to the expansion of political and diplomatic interactions between Riyadh and Ankara in bilateral and regional relations, a university professor said that Turkey seeks a balance with the region’s countries and the world. Although Turkey’s geopolitical advantages should be considered, the two countries are approaching each other under the theme of “competition and cooperation.”

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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