An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Iran’s former ambassador to China, stating that the United States is in a long-term systemic rivalry with China and a new political geography is being formed, said: China has the power to deprive the United States in building a coalition and the dispute within the G7 summit in Britain shows that trade with China could be more important to Germany, France, Italy, and even Britain than relations with the United States itself.
Hossein Malaek – former Iranian ambassador to Beijing and analyst of international affairs
Strategic Council Online—Interview: A professor of international relations at the University of Tehran says relations between the United States and China will not undergo a significant change during the Biden’s term in office as China has already passed the US redline.
Strategic Council Online: In new US documents, India has been mentioned to be part of the Pacific in order to lessen China’s role in the region; so Washington seeks to highlight New Delhi’s role in order to pit India against China on the one hand and contain Pakistan on the other.
Amir Ali Abolfatah – Experts on American Affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.